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What is an integrated circuit? Photo: An integrated circuit from the inside. If you could lift the cover off a typical microchip like the one in the top photo (and you can't very easily—believe me, I've tried!), this is what you'd find inside. The integrated circuit is the tiny square in the center. Connections run out from it to the terminals (metal pins or legs) around the edge. When you hook up something to one of these terminals, you're actually connecting into the circuit itself. You can just about see the pattern of electronic components on the surface of the chip itself. Photo by courtesy of  NASA Glenn Research Center (NASA-GRC) . Open up a  television  or a  radio  and you'll see it's built around a  printed circuit board (PCB) : a bit like an electric street-map with small  electronic  components (such as  resistors  and  capacitors ) in place of the buildings and printed  copper  connections linking them together like miniature metal streets.

What is an integrated circuit? Photo: An integrated circuit from the inside. If you could lift the cover off a typical microchip like the one in the top photo (and you can't very easily—believe me, I've tried!), this is what you'd find inside. The integrated circuit is the tiny square in the center. Connections run out from it to the terminals (metal pins or legs) around the edge. When you hook up something to one of these terminals, you're actually connecting into the circuit itself. You can just about see the pattern of electronic components on the surface of the chip itself. Photo by courtesy of  NASA Glenn Research Center (NASA-GRC) . Open up a  television  or a  radio  and you'll see it's built around a  printed circuit board (PCB) : a bit like an electric street-map with small  electronic  components (such as  resistors  and  capacitors ) in place of the buildings and printed  copper  connections linking them together like miniature metal streets.

A Actel Actel Corporation was founded by Esmat Hamdy and Amr Mohsen in Mountain View, California in 1985 to produce field programmable gate array integrated circuits and CAD development tools using anti-fuse and flash EPROM technologies. The company remains headquartered in Mountain View. Fiscal year 2006 revenue was $190.5 million. Advanced Memory Systems (AMS) Advanced Memory Systems, Inc. was founded in Santa Clara County, California in 1968 to produce bipolar and MOS memory devices and complete memory systems. In 1969 AMS introduced one of the first 1K DRAMs. Founders included D, Berding (IBM), B. Dickson (Motorola), C. Fa (Collins), J. Larkin (Fairchild) and R. Lloyd (IBM). The company merged with Intersil, Inc. in 1976. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Advanced Micro Devices, Inc was founded in Sunnyvale, California in 1969 by eight Fairchild employees (F. Botte, J. Carey, J. Giles, J. Gifford. J. Sanders, S. Simonsen, L. Stegner, E. Turney) to produce bi